Anca PORUMB

Abstract

The assessment of ceramic dental materials during the treatment of severe adult cleft palate

Anca Porumb, Mihai Porumb, Simona Cavalu, Florian Bodog

University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, P-ta 1 Decembrie no. 10, Oradea, Romania

anca.porumb@yahoo.com

Introduction: Materials used in the treatment of an adult patient with severe cleavage need to be choose very carefully, according with the biological aspects. First of all, is mandatory to choose a proper material for endodontic treatment and use a correct technique. Second, the cement used in order to fix a RPD (rapid palatal disjunctor) has to be glass-ionomer cement, because the oral and nasal cavity are still communicating. On the other hand, the dental ceramic material used in the prosthetic treatment has to be a special one, pink-coloured in those regions where cleavage is present. For this reason, the cases with cleavage need a complex treatment, usually during a few years and several steps. They need a good collaboration between doctors of different specialities: maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, prosthetics and plastic surgery. The aim of the present study is to underline the importance of ceramic dental materials during the laborious treatment in the case of an adult with cleavage, in order to obtain the best results.

Experimental. The materials used for this study are ceramics: In Line and pink Gingiva ceramic. Ceramic materials for coating are presented in a two-component system: powder /liquid. The liquid is composed of distilled water and other additives that increase its viscosity. In the composition of ceramic powders for veneering are distinguished main components and admixtures. The main components of the powder (the frit) are: feldspat (60-80% mass), quartz (15-25% mass) and kaolin (0-5% mass). Feldspar consists of 3 components: ortoclaz, milled and anorthite, representing the refractory mass subjected to the thermal treatment. Its thermal expansion compensates for the kaolin contraction by heating, providing mass resistance to thermal variations. Quartz contributes to the ceramic mass luster. Kaolin is the glue of the mixture being known as clay or China earth [1]. Additions to different fillers and metallic oxides in powder form, which allow colouring the ceramics as presented in table 1. [2].

Results and Discussion. The main principles that are involved in the development of glass-ceramics for restorative dental products are the controlled nucleation and crystallization of crystal phases in glass-ceramics. The aim of these liquid-to-solid state reactions is to produce glass-ceramics with different crystal phases, which feature special microstructures and crystal phase contents in order to influence the properties of the resulting material [3]. The use of the principles mentioned allows to develop glass-ceramics with e.g. high mechanical strength, chemical durability and good optical properties, which are suitable for use in restorative dentistry. Glass-ceramic is a leucite-type material derived from SiO2-Al2O3-K2O system [3,4,5].

Conclusions. The present study underlines the importance of ceramic dental materials during the laborious treatment of a severe adult cleft palate, in order to obtain the best results. By adding iron oxide as a colorant in the composition of the ceramic dental material it was possible to obtain a pink ceramic, with which we were able to successfully rebuild the bone defect of the upper jaw. Also, the treatment of this particular and difficult clinical case with cleft palate is addressed both to bone lesions as well as to lesions at the face level and the soft parts of the upper jaw. These steps must be done at the optimal age of this child and should be coordinated in time. In this case, the main objectives for the treatment of this malformation were represented by surgical, orthodontic and aesthetic surgery for the correction of the nasal bone, prosthetic treatment and speech therapy.

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